Human Being- The first element requires that the wrongful act must be committed by a human being. Defamation is a crime against the reputation of a person. 9 :-What are the ingredients of the offence of “Bigamy”? A newly wedded girl died of burns. This may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and other causes. The father of deceased had stated in FIR that the deceased committed suicide because of harassment and constant taunt for insufficient dowry. As per Section 383 IPC, extortion is an act to put someone in fear of injury or any other harm to obtain his property or any other valuable item. He thus induces Z to give him money. B knowing that fact and also that C is not X, willfully represents to A that C is X and thereby intentionally causes A to apprehend C. Here B abets by instigation the apprehension of C. In case of Gurbachan Singh v/s Sat Pal Singh, AIR- 1990. Such hurt must cause bodily pain or disease or infirmity. The last of the basic elements of crime is an injury. Section 384 IPC- Whoever commits the offence of extortion, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine or with both. Censure passed in good faith:- It is not a defamation of a person to pass, In good faith any censure on the conduct of that person in consented matter. 10 :- What is defamation? He is free to move anywhere other than to proceed in a particular Direction. B not believing in good faith that he has a right to stop the path, Z is thereby prevented from passing A wrongfully restrains Z. written words or by salener i.e. ILLUSTRATION:- Z attempts to horsewhip A, not in such a manner as to cause grievous hurt to A. Criminal trespass is dependent not upon the mere nature of the act, but upon the intention of the offender. A person is said to instigate another when he incites, urges, encourages, provokes, counsels, procures or command him to do something. The crime of abetment comes under section 107 to 120 of the IPC. Fracture of any bones comes under grievous hurt. He thus induces Z to give him money. Austin: A wrong which is pursued at the discretion of the injured party or his representatives is a civil injury , a wrong which is pursued by sovereign or his subordinate is a crime. Here A is an abettor. 5: Define Murder and distinguish it from culpable homicide not amounting to murder. b) ‘A’ threatens ‘Z’ that he will keep ‘Z’s child in wrongful confinement unless Z will sign and deliver to A, a  promissory note binding ‘Z’ to pay money to ‘A’. The offence of criminal trespass can only be committed against the person who is in actual physical possession of the property. Blackstone defined crime as an act committed or omitted in violation of a public law either forbidding or commanding it. A draws out a pistol. Culpable homicide would not amount of murder when the person whose death is caused being above the age of eighteen years suffers death or takes the risk of death with his own consent. Section 11 of the Indian Penal Code says that word ‘person’ includes a company or association or body of persons whether incorporated or not. Fracture or dislocation of Bone or tooth:- When any bone or tooth is dislocated it means they loss their original place. There is the element of force, property is obtained by putting a person in fear of injury to that person, or to any other. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN KIDNAPPING AND ABDUCTION: It is committed only in respect of a minor under 16 years of age if  a male and 18 years of age if a female, or a person of unsound. There must be reasonable ground for the apprehension. The main objective of this section is to protect a woman who is being harassed by her husband or relatives of husband. Under section 500 of IPC it is provided that the punishment for the offence of defamation , which is simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or with fine or with both. The culpable homicide is defined in sec. Section 339 of Indian Penal Code lays down that, ”whoever voluntarily obstructs any person so as to prevent that person from proceeding in any direction in which that person has a right to proceed is said wrongfully to restraint that person.”. Discuss in the light of section 511 of IPC. Under Section 325 of IPC For voluntarily causing grievous hurt, the punishment is 7 years with fine. (ii)    Such conveying must be without the consent of that person or of the     person legally authorised to give consent on behalf of that person. An act which is not illegal but when it is done by illegal means. When does extortion amount to Robbery? Such property must be taken away dishonesty. ‘A’ has committed extortion. IPC Section 120B. In English Law, criminals are divided in four categories, but in India there is only one distinction between the doer and his helper who is known as abettor. Third clause of the section says that,” A person abets the doing of thing who- intentionally aids, by any act or illegal omission, the doing of that thing. The property must be in the actual possession of another person. Explanation No. Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage. Such movable property must be taken away. The offender takes the Property without the owner’s consent and hence there is no delivery by the owner. Example : “A” abets B, a five year old child, to commit murder of Z, he is still an abettor under the 2nd category because even though the child will not be guilty of anything by virtue of the protection given to him by section 82 of the IPC. The deceased was scheduled to go to ‘Sadhu” on a particular day. Question No. A intention gives Z a sword cut sufficient to cause the death of a man in the ordinary course of nature. ‘A’ is the paramour of Z’s wife and she gives A, the valuable property, which  A knows that these belongs to her husband Z, although she has not authority from Z to give the same. This rule is very ancient and was applied in Hindu Law also. Fight must be without any pre-meditation. Here on account of Z’s death (he was incapable of giving consent to his own death). How is it punishable.? Discuss. By such act which creates weakness and if a man comes into contract of any disease then it will come under simple hurt. A Wrongful restraint is keeping a man out of a place where he wishes to go and has a right to be. A person abets the doing of a thing by instigation:-. Question No.16:- Discuss the ingredients of theft with the help of decided case? An assault causing reasonable apprehension of grievous hurt . 1:- If any amount of defamation is against the deceased person and the imputation would harm the reputation of that person of living and is intended to be harmful to the feelings of the family or relatives. THE THEORY OF ‘HURT’ AND ‘GRIEVOUS HURT’ INTRODUCTION:- Let me start this article with the famous words of Mahatma Gandhi - “Nobody can hurt me without my permission.” Now a days, majority of criminal cases, more in particular, in the Courts of Judicial Magistrate of First Class in India, are ‘Hurt’ cases such as offences… ‘A’ knows that Z  is behind a bush,  B does not know it. Consent is obtained by putting the person, in possession of property. If the former marriage is concealed from the person with whom the subsequent marriage is contracted, the punishment is ten years or fine or both. Adultery is said to be committed when man engaged In sexual intercourse with married woman, Rape is said to be committed when engaged in sexual intercourse without the consent of the woman. The wife told the accused about this program even though she knew that the accused was waiting for the opportunity to kill her husband and taking the opportunity he killed him. Be taken away out of Possession of another Person:- The property must be in the possession of another person from where it is removed. He had done an act towards the commission of theft, and therefore is guilty under this section. Further, the property must be delivered by the person who is threatened. Distinguish between Kidnapping & Abduction. The grievous hurt can be classified as under :-. The act must have been done without any malafide intention towards the person whose death is caused. 168. It is not defamation to perform in good faith, an accusation against any person to any of these who has lawful authority over that person with respect to subject matter or within this exception. Even in the case of a married woman the adulterer is not liable if the husband consents to it. Sections 24, 43 and 44 of IPC, respectively defines the terms, dishonestly, illegally and injury. It is a more serious offence punishable with imprisonment simple or rigorous extending to  one year or fine up to Rs.1000/-. It was held that he was acting under provocation and is liable for sudden provocation. Threat of injury to public servant.—Whoever holds out any threat of injury to any public servant, or to any person in whom he believes that public servant to be interested, for the purpose of inducing that public servant to do any act, or to forbear or delay to do any act, connected with the exercise of the public functions of such public servant, shall be punished with impris­onment of either description for a term … (b)   Harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any property or valuable security or is on account of failure by her or any person related to her to meet such demand. However, the term ‘intent to defraud’ contains two elements, namely ‘deceit and injury’. A kills Z here, A has not committed murder but merely culpable homicide. section 361 defines that kidnapping from lawful guardian ship. Such force or threat should be in the form of fear of injury. Applicability of I.P.C.-territorial and personal UNIT-II Element of Criminal Liability 1. Here A has committed theft, and in order to committing of that theft has voluntarily caused wrongful restraint to Z. Public conduct of public servant:- It is not defamation to express, in good faith any opinion whatever respecting the conduct of a public servant in discharge of his public sanctions or respecting his character so far as his character appears in that conduct and not further. Act in furtherance of guilty Infirmity:- Infirmity means by illness. Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt– Whoever commits extortion by putting any person in fear of death or of grievous hurt to that person or to any other. What must be proved in order to support the conviction of an attempt under this section.? In kidnapping the intention of he offender is irrelevant. The term ‘injury’ as defined under Section 44 of the IPC includes only such harm as may be caused illegally to a person’s mind, body, reputation or, property. In kidnapping consent of the person enticed is immaterial. They have is an important role in the life. Woman must be married woman. MOVABLE PROPERTY:- The subject of theft is movable property. The eye and ears are the main functional organs of a human being. It should be noted that the use of criminal force is not at all a necessary ingredient to constitute criminal trespass. B is liable to be punished for his offence with the punishment for murder and as A instigated B to committed the offence. Important aspects of section 302 are its definition, application and ingredients and important case laws. 3 :- It is not necessary that the abettor & the person abetted must have same guilty intention or knowledge. 4: Define criminal conspiracy and its ingredients given in Section 120A of IPC. Mischief under IPC - Indian Legal Solution Mischief under IPC But if robbery committed on between sunset and sunrise then up to 14 years. Section 360 provides that whoever conveys any person beyond the limit of India without the consent of that person or of any person legally authorised to consent on behalf of that person, is said to kidnap that person from India. i.e. Punishing the accused for putting a person under fear of injury is like punishing him for attempt, because if delivery of property had taken place, the offence would have been complete. Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury. The property must be taken away from the possession of a person. Thus in theft there would be a moveable property. Which is submitted to the judgment of public or respecting the authority that appear in such performance and no further. Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person. Explanation No.2 :- To constitute the offence of abetment it is not necessary that the particular act of abettor should be committed. Both movable and immovable property may be the subject of the offence of extortion. Under Section 326 of IPC Whoever except the case provided for by sec.335 voluntarily causes grievous hurt by means or any instrument for shooting or cut or any instrument which is used as a weapon of offence is likely to cause death or by means of fire. Punishment imprisonment of life, it is ten years with fine. There may be injury of external or internal part of the body. Rape can be committed by a husband if she is below fifteen years of age. A knowing that Z is labouring under such disease that a blow is likely to cause his death, strike him with the intention of causing bodily injury, Z dies in consequences of blow. There are various kinds of grievous hurt which have been defined in section 320 in IPC. A wrongfully confines Z. In case of Mohd. 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