The biblical account is clear and definite: Israel was God's instrument by which the Bible was given to the entire world. Jacob referred to various other sins of his sons ( Genesis 49:4 Genesis 49:5 Genesis 49:17 Genesis 49:27 ).Yet in spite of Judah's failings he was prophesied to be a forbear of the Messiah Israel was to bring into the world ( Gen 49:8-12 ). A+ A- Israelites – meaning in Easy English. Moses and the historical, poetic, wisdom, and prophetic writers were covenant servants; equally so were the New Testament evangelists, historical epistolary, and apocalyptic writers. Abuse of sexual potential was strictly forbidden as was adultery. Moses had been a prophet par excellence; Samuel fulfilled a key role in anointing David ( 1 Sam 16:13 ) and Nathan pronounced one of the most significant prophecies when he addressed David, assuring him that a descendant would reign, that David's throne and kingdom would last forever. Yet, even with so much riding on their heritage and future, Israel continued to struggle with idol worship. When under Moses and Joshua's leadership the Transjordan was conquered, God had Moses reveal to the people that he, the covenant Sovereign of earth and heaven, called upon and demanded the people to love, obey, worship, and serve as a devout covenant people. The efforts to be a worshiping, called-out people were diminished by legalistic scribal and priestly activities and by various fanatic attempts that failed to transform the people living in Palestine into a nation again. ( 2 Kings 17:21-23 ).A small remnant from Judah fled to Egypt ( Jer 41:16-18 ; 44:26 ). The tabernacle and later the temple, giving symbolic and typological expression to the the covenant promise, "I am your God, I am with you, " was to be the central place of worship ( Deut 12:1-14 ).Moses later told the people they could assemble for worship around local altars at which priests officiated ( Deut 12:15-19 ).Yahweh provided the priesthood and the prescribed sacrifices to enable the assembly to worship as a devout kingdom people. The relationship of Israel to the Scriptures is definite. Is it a record of Israel's origins, existence, and development as a nation? The account is a revelation of faithfulness, obedience, and service on the part of varying numbers of the people in various ways, and unfaithfulness, disobedience, and lack of service, often on the part of most of the people. David, a descendant of Judah, of the seedline of Abraham and Shem, was anointed and enthroned. Of Noah's progeny, Shem was identified as the seed-bearing progenitor ( Gen 9:24-27 ).Then Abram/Abraham was called and told by God that through him all nations were to be blessed ( Gen 12:3 ).It was to be through Abraham's seed ( Gen 15:5 ; 17:1-8 ) that God would bring in the Messiah and the sure redemptive victory over Satan, sin, and its effects. The illumined thoughts in consciousness, which are undergoing spiritual discipline. The four views are that “all Israel” means: The Jews – Every Jew ever lived is “all Israel” and therefore automatically saved. Marriage with noncovenant people was strictly forbidden ( Deut 7:1-6 ).However, those who were not biological descendants of Abraham could be taken as mates if they became members of the Israelite community. ; A. Gileadi, ed., Israel's Apostasy and Restoration;W. Hendrikson, Israel in Prophecy; A. W. Kac, The Rebirth of the State of Israel;M. Karlberg, JETS31/3 (1988): 257-69; G. E. Ladd, The Last Things; H. K. LaRondelle, The Israel of God in Prophecy; J. The name Israel is also used to denote lay-men, as distinguished from priests, Levites and other ministers. In spite of his humiliations he remained faithful and served his covenant Lord. A covenant is an agreement, compact or contract between two or more parties. Israel, the holy nation, was to be organized politically. They are so called in (, It is used in a narrower sense, excluding Judah, in (, After the Babylonian captivity, the returned exiles resumed the name Israel as the designation of their nation. David, the poet and prophet, in spite of his sins, was a man after God's heart. This issue has many ramifications that cannot be included in this essay. Another specific issue concerns the relationship of Israel and the New Testament church. But Solomon in his later years and the majority of the Davidic dynasty did not remain faithful covenant and kingdom believers and obedient servants. The prophets continued to speak God's words of both warning and promise. When he was born second, he was clutching the heel of his older brother, Esau. By its serene, serving life Israel could portray hope for a blessed future for peoples of all nations who joined them in faith, obedience, and service to God, thus bringing glory to the cosmic King. The latter is undoubtedly the true reading. Thus, Israel's divinely determined purpose was to bring the eternal living Word, Jesus Christ ( John 1:1-3 ), and the inspired, inerrant, and infallible written word to all the nations of the world—including themselves. Moses sang, "The Lord will reign forever and ever" ( Exod 15:18 ). After the death of Joshua, the worship of Baal and Asherah became a plague upon the Israelites and was a perennial problem. Nor did the nation as a whole. The Chosen People of YHWH. Ancient Israel defined a nation as a kinship group—such as a large, extended family. Many BHI groups do not consider Jews to be true descendants of “Hebrew Israelites.” That God promised Abraham and his progeny a land as their possession cannot be doubted. Bibliography Information The judges, Boaz and Ruth, and Samuel, the judge/prophet, stand out. After the exile, the descendants of Jacob, often referred to as Jews rather than Israelites, formed a social and religious community. Jan 4, 2016 - Isralites are not sons of Ham but of Shem. General Editor. With the aid of scholars who have studied Israel's social structures and psychological attitudes, students of Israel's surrounding nations and their religions have attempted to demonstrate that much of what Israel practiced religiously was adopted from those of the peoples around them. It is believed that God has two distinct people in mind with a distinctly separate program for each. Another issue concerns the interpretation of prophecies concerning Israel. Would you like to read this article in %%? The biblical account is clear and definite: Israel was God's instrument by which the Bible was given to the entire world. God, referring to himself as the Husband ( Jer 31:33 ) and Israel as his precious possession whom he had brought to himself, implied Israel was his bride ( Exod 19:4-6 ).This covenantal/spiritual marriage relationship was a bond of life and love God would not break. This name Israel is sometimes used emphatically for the true Israel ( Psalms 73:1 : Isaiah 45:17 ; 49:3 ; John 1:47 ; Romans 9:6 ; 11:26 ). The spiritual mandate called for loving fellowship with God and an adoring worship that would glorify the sovereign covenant Lord. In ( 2 Samuel 17:25 ) Ithra, the father of Amasa, is called "an Israelite," while in ( 1 Chronicles 2:17 ) he appears as "Jether the Ishmaelite." They are so called in ( Exodus 3:16 ) and afterward. Often He gave them in the form of covenants. The term Gentile doesn’t really describe who someone is, but rather who they are not – a Jew. The "children of Israel," a name of the twelve tribes unitedly until the separation under Rehoboam, when it became the usual designation of the ten tribes forming the kingdom of Israel. Israel. Meanwhile all of Abraham's seed was to serve as light to the peoples of the world ( Isa 9:2-7 ; 42:6 ; 49:6 ). 1915. The covenant was confirmed and expanded with specifics concerning covenant seed and an eternal dynasty ( 2 Sam7:1-28 ). The people of Judah were known as Judahs and that of Israel, Israelites. This multifaceted role was not just simply for Israel's sake. The land was never to be seen as a prize or as a possession without regard for the reasons that it was given: to be central among the nations so that the messianic light of God's kingdom would shine out to all nations. God repeatedly reminded his people that they were not to assemble around and worship other gods because he was a jealous Lord ( Deut4:15-24 ; 13:1-18 ).Nor were the people to worship as they saw fit ( Deut 12:8 ); they were to keep the basic principles for obeying and carrying out the spiritual mandate as these were stated in the first four command ments. No other gods were to be recognized as their sovereign ruler or as their source of life and its inclusive blessings. Jacob was a grandson of Abraham. Bible dictionary leads to properly identifying Negroes the children of Shem and Jacob (Israel); debunk the Negro as Ham. He did so by blessing, by withholding blessings, and by executing, in a mitigated way, the curse of the covenant. Thus, as good stewards, they could develop and beautify their natural surroundings and with skill produce materials that would enhance the beauty of their environment. He spoke to them directly, through his written Word read to the people, and by the prophets. This faith was inseparable from obedience to all of God's revealed will. Judah particularly was repeatedly reminded that God's kingdom and covenant would continue; the promise of the messianic mediator was repeated before (Isaiah and Micah) and during (Ezekiel and Daniel) the exile. Through obedience Israel would exhibit to its offspring and neighbors what service to God entailed. Bible Dictionaries - Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology - Israel, Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology, Bible Dictionaries - Easton's Bible Dictionary - Israel, Bible Dictionaries - Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary - Israel, Bible Dictionaries - Smith's Bible Dictionary - Israel, Encyclopedias - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Israel, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information, It became the national name of the twelve tribes collectively. There was much vacillation in its loyalty to him and there is much evidence of disobedience as exhibited in Israel's following of their neighbors' detestable idolatrous practices. For usage information, please read the Baker Book House Copyright Statement. Nor did Jesus say he would return to earth to reign over the Jewish kingdom. Thus the nation of Israel was not the central focus; God's purposes to be realized through Israel were. "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". Read for yourself. Zondervan's Bible Dictionary definition Ham youngest son of Noah Progenitor of the Dark races, NOT THE NEGROS, but the Egyptians, Ethiopians, Libyans and Cannaanites. Solomon exhibited wisdom ( 1 Kings 10:1-13 )and the splendor of the theocratic monarchy was unsurpassed ( 1 Kings 10:14-29 ).Psalm 72 expresses the glory of the messianic kingdom, as initially realized under David and Solomon and to be fully and finally realized under Jesus Christ. He communed with them, receiving their sacrifices, praises, and prayers. The name Israel is also used to denote lay-men, as distinguished from priests, Levites and other ministers. The Scriptures testify to Israel's faith as revealed by God and its worship activities directed by him. His son Solomon carried out the plans David made for the temple and worship. After the death of Saul the ten tribes arrogated to themselves this name, as if they were the whole nation ( 2 Samuel 2:9 2 Samuel 2:10 2 Samuel 2:17 2 Samuel 2:28 ; 2 Samuel 3:10 2 Samuel 3:17 ; 19:40-43 ), and the kings of the ten tribes were called "kings of Israel," while the kings of the two tribes were called "kings of Judah.". LORD God of Israel (Yahweh Elohei Yisra’el) in Joshua 14:14. The prophets spoke of a future for Israel. A Hebrew is that who follow the calling of God and His Mitzvot Commandments). Bible Dictionaries - Smith's Bible Dictionary - Israelite. Once Israel was formed as a people under Moses' mediatorial leadership, this first part of the word was written by him; and it was added to by other Israelite writers, historians, poets, sages, and prophets. God, however, remained faithful and steadfast in working out his kingdom, covenantal, and mediatorial plan. Israel's Privileges. They are the total of our religious thoughts. Many biblical scholars have difficulties with this separation. LORD God of Israel. Jacob, grandson of Abraham, was named Israel after he had wrestled with God ( Gen32:28 ). Elder sand judges had to carry out administrative and judicial duties; priests had to assist particularly in regard to health laws. Fifth, the New Testament does not refer to Israel as a nation possessing the land forever; rather, it speaks of Abraham's believing covenant offspring inheriting the world ( Rom4:13 ). These sons and their families became known as the twelve tribes of Israel, or Israelites (see Genesis 49:28). Each tribe and clan was given an inheritance from which they were to remove all Canaanite inhabitants so that they could live without unholy pressures and truly be free to live up to God's purposes for them. Or it may mean the people of the 10 tribes in the north kingdom of Israel. These "houses" are translated into English as "tribes"… The biblical record concerning Israel's origin is clear. Command ments5-7 provided basic guidelines. After the Exile the name Israel was assumed as designating the entire nation. Israel was to know itself as a theocracy under the reign of God. “Gentiles means nations,” according to Smith’s Bible Dictionary. This name is a combination of the Hebrew words for "wrestle" and"God" (because sareta [you have wrestled] with God [‘el] and men you will be called yisrael). Deuteronomy is the last of five books of Law and should not be read in isolation from the other four books (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers). God gave them Canaan as their land, not first of all for their own advancement and enjoyment but to enable Israel to serve as the mediatorial nation in the midst of the nations. It was a land with flourishing cities, houses filled with good things, wells providing water, productive vineyards, and fruitful orchards ( Deut6:10-12 ). easyenglish.bible Books > Bible Dictionary > Share. The tensions between covenantal living and violations of it were starkly present among Jacob's twelve sons. Israel's faith and religious life and activities had their origin in revelation, not in borrowing or in religious perceptions. Biblical revelation records how Israel responded to its call to believe, obey, and serve God's purposes for Jacob's descendant's and to the privileges given so that God's purposes could be fulfilled. But there were murmurings and rebellions ( Num 11:1 ; 12:1-2 ; 14:1-4 ; 16:1-3 ; 21:4-5 ); two of the twelve spies trusted in and honored God ( Num 13 ); ten did not. Fourth, God called, elected, and declared that Israel as a people were to be a kingdom( Exod 19:6 ).Moses emphatically declared they were chosen because of no merit of their own. (. All rights reserved. In this prophecy no reference is made to the nation of Israel itself but rather to the central person, David, and to his seed. A third debated issue in relation to Israel, and closely related to the two already mentioned, is the origin and nature of Israel's religion. In the Mosaic law, a spiritual interpretation was imposed upon the procedure when the Israelites were instructed to circumcise their hearts. Yahweh was their sovereign King. He was sovereign and all-powerful; he declared and showed himself to be compassionate, gracious, patient, full of love, faithful, forgiving, righteous, and just ( Exod 34:6-7 ; Num 14:17-18 ; Psalm 103:8-13 ; Jonah 4:2-3 ). Israel, to meet the challenge of being a holy, politically organized, governed, and law-abiding nation, was called to live separately among the nations. In this way, Israel would serve mediatorially as a messianic people and in time bring forth the Messiah himself, receive and give to the world God's inscripturated word, and show that the kingdom of God included all of life's activities and relationships. Israel was also used as the name for the ten-tribe northern kingdom that broke away from the southern kingdom, and later as a term for anointed Christians, “the … After the exile it was used again to refer to the entire community. BHI groups tend to define an Israelite as a descendant of the biblical patriarch Jacob, a “Hebrew Israelite” as the modern descendants of the ancient Israelites, and a Jew as a person who practices the religion of Judaism. Third, God fulfilled his promises regarding the land and its extent at the time of David and Solomon ( 2 Sam 8:1-4 ; 1 Chron 18:1-13 ; 1 Kings 4:20-21 ; Psalm 72:8 ).Fourth, the prophetic promise of a return to the land after the exile was fulfilled when a remnant returned (Ezra 2). During the Babylonian Exile, power remained with the Judah kings as well as the Judah religious leaders. God dwelt in the midst of his people. "Entry for 'ISRAEL'". Heb.) In Israel, the name " Israel Israeli " is sometimes used to mean someone whose name is unknown or unspecified. Orr, James, M.A., D.D. In that setting the ultimate purpose for Israel's call and existence was fully realized in Jesus, even as God had purposed. The whole people of the twelve tribes are called "Israelites," the "children of Israel" ( Joshua 3:17 ; 7:25 ; Judges 8:27 ; Jeremiah 3:21 ), and the "house of Israel" ( Exodus 16:31 ; 40:38 ). The use of these references, "Hebrew" and "Jew, " indicated that among the nations, Abraham and Jacob's descendants were thus known nationally and/or ethnically. Israel was to obey and carry out the creation covenant social mandate. The name God gave to Jacob. The promise God made to Adam and Eve, repeated to Abraham, Judah, and David concerning the conquering, reigning Seed of the woman was fully kept. God's purpose for electing Israel can be divided into five interrelated and correlated themes. It occurs the most in the book of Numbers (236) followed by the book of 1Kings (203). LORD God of Israel is a composite name of God. The entire Bible is God's gift to the world via the people of Israel—whether one wishes to refer to the Bible as Hebrew (Old Testament) and Jewish (New Testament). TERMS OF USE The name, expressing the concept of wrestling, clinging firmly to God, and overcoming, and God's confirming of his covenant with Jacob, indicates that Israel is to be understood as Jacob's covenant name. This mediatorial work was to be carried out through living according to the word God had given so that nations would take note of and desire to join in the blessing, wonder, and glory of life with and under his beneficient reign ( Isa 2:1-5 ; Micah 4:1-5 ).Israel's initial purpose was not to witness verbally, but to exhibit the rich blessedness of covenantal life. Moreover, Jesus never spoke of Israel's continuation as a politically separate religiously oriented nation; rather, he spoke of God's all-encompassing kingdom. But did God unconditionally promise that it would be an eternal possession? (the prince that prevails with God ). This message was one of assurance for present and future times. This is the common name given to Jacob's descendants. Israel did not live in isolation from its neighbors; it had various religious practices that were outwardly similar, such as portable shrines, systems of sacrifice, and religious objects such as altars. Salem Media Group. Israel is the Hebrew name Yisra'el, meaning God contends, or one who struggles with God. Israel had assured security in the love, goodness, and faithfulness of God. The people, old and young, were to be called together, and as an assembly were to pay homage to their Lord. Bible a member of the ethnic group claiming descent from Jacob; a Hebrew Bible a citizen of the kingdom of Israel (922 to 721 bc) as opposed to Judah a member of any of various Christian sects who regard themselves as God's chosen people an archaic and sometimes offensive word for a Jew The name spoke of his being bound with a bond of life and love to God. The concept of the remnant is dominant, particularly of Israel as a believing covenant community. Third, Israel, by God's determinate counsel, was given the unique role of being a mediatorial people. (See JACOB .) Israel was never completely destroyed as a community although it suffered severely when the warnings Moses had enunciated (Deut. The Sovereign God was in control and directed all the affairs of the cosmos, of the nations, and of individuals. Israel's privilege was to serve! This promised land was their inheritance to be possessed for service and not to be occupied for self-satisfaction and feelings of superiority. A major part of the theocratic nation seceded and took the name"Israel." Judah had sex with a woman he considered a prostitute ( Gen 38 ) while Joseph refused the sexual temptations in Egypt. In this land, then, Israel had the privilege of carrying out its spiritual, social, and cultural mandates. Copyright © 2021 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. The high points, as exhibited in the covenant with David, his victories, his just and righteous reign, the wisdom of Solomon and grandeur of his throne and kingdom, were not maintained. In Egypt, the children of Israel (or Hebrews, as the Egyptians called them) prospered and grew in numbers. Fellowship and worship were to be carried out in families (e.g., Passover, Exod 12 ) but particularly in the courts of the tabernacle and temple. He also wrote of all believers, Gentiles as well as ethnic Jewish people who believed in Jesus Christ, as Israel ( Gal6:16 ). The descendants of Jacob, the Israelite covenant community, whether in homeland or in exile, would continue so that God's covenant promises concerning the conquering seed, as represented by the Davidic dynasty, and concerning his all-encompassing kingdom would in time be realized. Glossary. Without this written word there would be no record of what God had done, promised, and carried out. Noah and Abraham exercised faith as did many others ( Heb 11 ). Significance of Israel: The People of God Serious differences of views pertain, however, concerning the nature of the entire Bible. Other equally sincere evangelical biblical students point to five important qualifying factors. ( descendant of Israel ). God's purposes did not diminish; the privileges given to the royal house of David were initially expanded. Answer: The man Israel was initially named Jacob. Israel, however, had its responsibilities placed before it. After the Babylonian captivity, the returned exiles resumed the name Israel as the designation of their nation. The descendants of Jacob (renamed Israel); the people of Yahweh, the God of Israel. These family affiliations were traced to one of the sons of Israel. Bible Meaning: He will rule as God, God prevails. The tabernacle and temple were examples of highly developed cultural craftsmanship. The Old Testament is often considered to be specifically a record of Israel's national history, of its unique religion, and of its hopes for the future. B. Payne, Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy; P. Richardson, Israel in the Apostolic Church; J. F. Walvoord, Israel in Prophecy; M. J. Wyngaarden, The Future of the Kingdom. God's faithfulness in regard to his messianic purposes and goals was dramatically revealed in the time of David and Solomon. Both the Old and New Testaments were written by people who were known to be of Israelite nativity. The name "Israel, " however, referred to Jacob's descendants' spiritual, covenant al,and religious heritage. Self-serving and self-aggrandizement were entirely contrary to the responsibilities and privileges given to the descendants of Jacob. On the basis of a too literal interpretation of Old Testament prophecies concerning Israel and maintaining the view that New Testament writers referred to a politically organized national entity rather than to the believing covenant community, a strict separation is posited between Israel as a nation and the non-Jewish New Testament covenant community of believers, the church. From (1) the verb ישר (yashar), to be upright, and (2) the word אל ('el), God. Later, Israel is the name given to Jacob’s offspring and to the nation that they eventually form. The term cannot mean eternal, in the sense of never-ending, for at the Lord's return at the end of time, the order of the renewed heavens and earth will be ushered in. Joshua, divinely ordained, was an effective military leader. This issue is closely related to Israel's relationship to the land, the church, and the millennium ( Rev 20 ). But the manner and time of the dramatic exodus event are not accepted as historically or archaeologically verifiable. It is used in a narrower sense, excluding Judah, in ( 1 Samuel 11:8 ; 2 Samuel 20:1 ; 1 Kings 12:16 ) Thenceforth it was assumed and accepted as the name of the northern kingdom. Within the community, family life was to be fundamental; parents were to teach, train, and discipline their children ( Deut 6:4-9 ; Psalm 78:1-8 ).Children were to respond to parents with honor and dignity. When you open The Israel Bible and see… lessons about Israel, you see that Israel is the Torah’s main theme and begin to understand the major role that it … Be doubted believing, obeying, and as an assembly were to be recognized their. And serving covenant community they did so by blessing, by withholding,... Activities directed by him a spiritual interpretation was imposed upon the procedure when the warnings Moses had (! 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