[2] The end-regions of the rupture zone coincided with the Andean oroclines of Maipo (33° S) and Arauco (37° S). The tsunami caused serious damage to port facilities and lifted boats out of the water. The rival German-based Munich Re AG made the same estimate. Curanipe, only 8 km (5 mi) from the epicenter, was hit by a tsunami after the earthquake and still remained isolated from outside as of 28 February. For example, it moved Argentina's capital of Buenos Aires about 2.5 cm (1 in) to the west. To control vandalism, a special force of carabineros (police) was sent to disperse rioters with tear gasand water can… By June more than 50,000 provisional homes had been erected, and housing subsidies had been disbursed to many who had been left without shelter. [83] In the fishing town of Dichato, which has 7,000 residents, it was the third tsunami wave that ended up being the most damaging. Hernán Henríquez Hospital of Temuco had to be evacuated after the earthquake. Although Chile citizens can be characterized as having a high level of earthquake awareness and preparedness, the emergency response to the 2010 event could be improved in several ways. Nearly half the places in the country were declared "catastrophe zones", and curfews were imposed in some areas of looting and public disorder. [85][86], The earthquake also triggered more than 1000 landslides mapped from satellite images [87] with most landslides occurring in the Principal Andean Cordillera and a constrained area on the Arauco Peninsula[87][88] Landslides are a significant contributor to earthquake fatalities. People were found dead after the earthquake struck, mostly under buildings and inside cars. [citation needed] When the situation became unsustainable and all sectors of the population were demanding actions, the government authorized the use of the military to control the affected cities. According to an Associated Press Television News cameraman, some buildings collapsed in Santiago and there were power outages in parts of the city. The outgoing president didn't want to remind people of the Dictatorship years by militarizing the streets, thus failed to provide assistance on time to the city. [173], Small waves were expected in Southern California, and receding was reported at Long Beach. Volume 38 p June 2010 Capital plans for the big one – P12 New Get Ready, Get Thru ads ... response and recovery. [106] On 28 February 2010, a day after the earthquake, some affected cities were chaotic, with extensive looting of supermarkets in Concepción. A Brief Portrait of the 2010 Chilean Earthquake and the Data The February 27, 2010, earthquake and tsunami resulted in … To control vandalism, a special force of carabineros (police) was sent to disperse rioters with tear gas and water cannons. Despite the magnitude of the earthquake, Chile suffered relatively little casualty rates and property damages. [31] Seismicity is focused in the depth range 25–35 km and in a deeper band of between 45 and 50 km depth. Chile Earthquake 2/27/2010: Stories & Lessons Abstract An 8.8 mega-earthquake hit the coast of Chile on February 27th, 2010 and is recorded as one of the largest earthquakes to date. Damage to docks and pilings in the area was moderate. [6] On Sunday, 28 February, Ricardo Ortega, head of the Chilean Air Force, said commercial airline services had been partially re-established and aircraft were being allowed to land in Santiago. Planning Recovery and Reconstruction After the 2010 Maule Earthquake and Tsunami in Chile: Re-thinking Urban Transformation January 2019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76944-8_16 (Actualiza información)", "Situación terremoto zona centro sur (Actualiza reporte)", "Cursos de acción en atención a zonas afectadas", Víctimas fatales identificadas se elevan a las 452 personas, Lista oficial de fallecidos, fecha=8 de marzo de 2010, "Turba Terremoto en Chile: Aumenta el número de fallecidos. House uprooted to the streets of Pelluhue after the tsunami. Also that month, the Chilean government was ordered to pay the families of tsunami victims some 2.8 billion pesos ($2.7 million). [165] Cars and other automobiles were banned from roads closer than 500 m (1,600 ft) from the Pacific Ocean. The reappearance of long-forgotten habitats and the resurgence of species unseen for years may not be among the expected effects of a natural disaster. [1] Tremors were felt in many Argentine cities, including Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Mendoza, and La Rioja. Fire at a plastics plant, Santiago, Chile. [119], On 10 March the National Commission for Agricultural emergencies (CNEA) assured that milk and wheat prices would not rise, despite fears of lack of fuel supply for transport and harvest of these products. complexities inherent to societal recovery after a catastrophe. [158] By mid afternoon (local time), Civil Defence had downgraded the tsunami warning to an alert, while still advising that sea levels could change quickly for up to 24 hours from the initial surge. Schmachtel says Chile’s earthquake response protocols went through a complete upgrade following the government’s chaotic response to the 8.8-magnitude earthquake of February 2010… [162] President Bachelet is reported to have sent an aid mission to the remote island. One could not estimate the dimension of the wave, because it was advancing foam. A state of emergency has been issued in Chile’s northern port city of Coquimbo after 15-foot waves slammed into the nearby coast, triggered by Wednesday’s 8.3-magnitude earthquake that … https://www.britannica.com/event/Chile-earthquake-of-2010/Reconstruction Strong shaking registering at VI on the Mercalli intensity scale was felt in Lebu, just 7 km (4 ) south of the epicenter, lasting for approximately one minute. 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The rest of the projects were largely complete by the middle of 2014. [6][1][2][7] It was felt strongly in six Chilean regions (from Valparaíso in the north to Araucanía in the south), that together make up about 80 percent of the country's population. Emergency response, recovery efforts, and social impacts of the 2010 Chile earthquake are evaluated for effectivenes and future improvements. [133] In the Americas, the warning extended to Chile (including Easter Island), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Panama. Some data is taken from the Chilean Army. CCU responded by increasing capacity of their plant in Temuco that did not suffer major damage during the earthquake and by importing beer from their factories in Argentina. A week after the quake the police—tipped by neighbors—arrested three people with massive quantities of looted goods stashed in their homes. Chile has been at a convergent plate boundary that generates megathrust earthquakes since the Paleozoic era (500 million years ago). Chile has asked Canada for help in recovering from the devastating earthquake that has killed … The earthquake also shifted other parts of South America from the Falkland Islands to Fortaleza, Brazil. This is about 6 km (3.7 miles) west of the village of Chovellén, 15 km (9.3 miles) southwest of the town of Pelluhue and at a point approximately 100 km (62 miles) away from the following four provincial capitals: Talca (to the north-east), Linares (to the east), Chillán (to the south-east) and Concepción (to the south). [28][29] Two more aftershocks of magnitudes 5.4 and 5.6 followed within an hour of the initial quake. This study of disaster recovery in Chile is one of a series of 10 case studies of places that have suffered major earthquake related disasters in the recent past. Following the 2010 earthquake, Chile managed to recover with minimal impact on its economy. [27], An aftershock of 6.2 was recorded 20 minutes after the initial quake. The earthquake occurred at the destructive plate margin where the Nazca Plate subducts the South American Plate. [57][58] Some residents in coastal areas panicked and evacuated their homes. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [107] However, measures were taken late. The tsunami damaged navigation buoys at Ventura. [135] No large wave was expected to strike British Columbia, but strong local ocean currents combined with a wave put low-lying coastal regions at risk of flooding. Chile earthquake of 2010, severe earthquake that occurred on February 27, 2010, off the coast of south-central Chile, causing widespread damage on land and initiating a tsunami that devastated some coastal areas of the country. Abstract Emergency response, recovery efforts, and social impacts of the 2010 Chile earthquake are evaluated for effectivenes and future improvements. The statistics on the Chile earthquake are staggering. Further investigation revealed in February 2013 that the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service had attempted to alter its logbooks to obscure the fact that warnings had been dismissed. [4] This is down from early reports on 3 March of 802 people dead. In Talcahuano, Concepción, Chillán, Osorno and Valdivia it shook at intensity IV (light). By 28 February, the Santiago Metro rapid-transit network was already partially up and running and expected to be fully operative on the following day, 1 March. Its speedy recovery was a key factor in Chile becoming the first Latin American country to be invited to join the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, a global forum of 34 countries that seeks to improve economic progress. A year later some who were displaced had not yet moved to permanent accommodations, and coastal areas affected by the tsunami still struggled to recover from damage to the fishing and tourism industries. The beach ban was lifted by the end of the day and there was no reports of damage, flooding or other emergencies. The second earthquake struck on land in the region at 22:58 (UTC) on 2 April 2010 at 5.9 MW and at a depth of 39 km. [130], In general, tsunamis tend to come in several waves, of which the first may not be the highest. On 28 February 2010, a day after the earthquake, some affected cities were chaotic, with extensive looting of supermarkets in Concepción. [28][143][144] A wave amplitude of 2.34 m (7.68 ft) was recorded at Talcahuano in the Biobío Region. A massive earthquake with a magnitude of 8.8 has struck central Chile, killing at least 85 people and triggering a tsunami. In many cities, people slept in tents, in parks or simply on the streets for fear of aftershocks. Other parts of Chile’s coast have also produced notable earthquakes. At the time of the earthquake, only two weeks from ceding power to her successor, Sebastián Piñera, Bachelet was beset by criticism that her initial reluctance to deploy the armed forces was a politically motivated maneuver to avoid echoing the regime of military dictator Augusto Pinochet. [108], In the prison of El Manzano in Concepción, a prison riot began after a failed escape attempt by the inmates. 8 earthquake that was centred some 200 miles (325 km) to the southwest damaged the city. [19] It lay immediately north of the 1,000 km (620 mi) segment which ruptured in the great earthquake of 1960. CHILE RECOVERS FROM 2010 M8.8 EARTHQUAKE MRP Engineering Bulletin February 2011 The M8.8 Maule earthquake of February 2010 impacted much of central Chile and resulted in over US$30 billion in economic losses. Many coastal areas in Japan had been evacuated as a precaution. On 17 March, at 14:38:37 local time, an earthquake of magnitude 5.2 was recorded in Aisén, in Southern Chile. [47] This tremor was followed by two minor aftershocks, one occurring 45 minutes later, measuring M5.5. Together, the earthquake and tsunami were responsible for more than 500 deaths. Chile looks to Canada for help in quake recovery. [53] On Lautaro, Cañete, Nueva Imperial, Traiguén and Carahue the quake was felt at intensity VI (strong) of the Mercalli intensity scale. The tsunami warning was cancelled for all countries except Japan and Russia in PTWC Bulletin 18 of 00:12 UTC on 28 February 2010. [115] [28][91] USGS put the intensity in Talcahuano at MM VIII, in Santiago and Concepción at MM VII and in Valparaíso at MM VI. [160], The Joint Australian Tsunami Warning Center (JATWC) sent out tsunami warnings for New South Wales, Queensland, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, Tasmania, and Victoria. [40], Minor quakes generated by the main one could be felt as far away as São Paulo, Brazil,[41] located about 3,000 km (1,900 mi) away from Concepción. The 2010 Chile earthquake (Spanish: Terremoto del 27F[5]) occurred off the coast of central Chile on Saturday, 27 February at 03:34 local time (06:34 UTC), having a magnitude of 8.8 on the moment magnitude scale, with intense shaking lasting for about three minutes. The primary goal was to understand how the Chilean society and relevant organizations responded to the magnitude 8.8 Maule earthquake that struck the region … In July 2010, the government of Argentina released a statement that they would lend $300 million to Chile for reconstruction efforts using Argentine goods.[177]. The Mw 8.8 Chile Earthquake of February 27, 2010 mated to have experienced intensity VII or stronger shaking, about 72% of the total population of the country, including five of Chile’s ten largest cities (USGS PAGER). However, ports in southern Chile, which were closer to the epicenter, remained closed. March. [52] On 14 July 2010, another 6.5 magnitude earthquake occurred in the area. complexities inherent to societal recovery after a catastrophe. Items stolen included not only food and other necessities, but also electronic goods and other durable merchandise. [105], Nearly half the places in the country were declared "catastrophe zones", and curfews were imposed in some areas of looting and public disorder. "[172] Early in the morning, the Center expected waves of 3 metres. The port of Valparaíso was ordered to be closed due to the damage caused by the earthquake. As the building was newly completed, 19 of the apartments were occupied and 36 were unknown if there were residents therein. [122] Liquor store owners expressed complaints regarding a beer rationing scheme implemented by CCU. The organization warned of the possibility of dangerous waves, strong ocean currents and foreshore flooding to occur on the east coast of Australia for several hours on Sunday. On 27th February 2010, a powerful earthquake measuring 8.8 on the Richter scale struck just off the coast of central Chile. Yet … A rescue worker looks through a hole in a destroyed building in Concepción on February 28, 2010, a day after a devastating earthquake in Chile … Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. A car crushed by the rubble of a collapsed building in Temuco. [13] The earthquake also generated a blackout that affected 93 percent of the Chilean population and which went on for several days in some locations. In Concepción, Talcahuano and Temuco it was felt at intensity V, and in Chillán and Valdivia at intensity IV. [15], On 10 March, Swiss Reinsurance Co. estimated that the Chilean quake would cost insurance companies between 4 and 7 billion dollars. Despite these and other government acts (including the curfews), pillaging continued in both urban and rural areas of the affected zones. United States Senators Daniel Inouye and Daniel Akaka issued a joint press release announcing the first tsunami evacuation in Hawaii since 1994. Tsunami waves of between 10 cm and 50 cm were recorded and their surges were believed to have created strong currents. Chilean television host Don Francisco led a telethon called Chile helps Chile with the goal of raising 15 billion pesos (about US$29 million) needed to build 30,000 emergency houses ("mediaguas"). The same estimate was echoed by the rival German-based Munich Re AG.[16]. Chile’s comeback from the 2010 quake was enormously successful. [161] earthquake, this event continues to provide valuable insight on recovery and reconstruction issues. As of May 2010, the number of con-firmed deaths stood at 521, with 56 persons still missing (Ministry of In- terior, 2010). The Maule Chile earthquake of 8.8Mw occurred at dawn (3:34am) on the 27 February 2010 at a depth of 35 km (USGS). By Chuck and Betty Ostlie, serving in Chile. [55], A magnitude 6.2 Mw aftershock struck the coast of Biobío, Chile at a shallow depth of 15.1 km (9.4 mi) on 1 June 2011 at 08:55 local time (12:55  UTC). [25] This uplift made a large islet emerge at the mouth of Lebu River. [73] In Viña del Mar, a touristic city and part of Greater Valparaíso, several buildings were structurally damaged, principally in the district Plan de Viña. The epicenter of the 6.9 quake was in Pichilemu, O'Higgins Region.[44][45]. Close to a million people were successfully evacuated from coastal regions following a tsunami alert in the wake of the 2014 temblor. [120] Despite this on 11 March newspaper La Segunda cited the president of the bakeries association complaining on unjustified price rises for flour, who said of cases of price rises of 10 to 20%. A severely damaged building in Maipú, Santiago. Façades fell in pieces and crushed cars. The third struck on 10:03 (UTC) on 23 April 2010 at 6.2 MW. (November 2010) The timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Chile earthquake of 27 February 2010 involves the sequence of events in the days following a highly destructive 8.8 M w earthquake with an epicentre just offshore of the Maule Region, see Maule, Chile. [80][81][82] A 2.34 m (7.68 ft) tsunami wave hit Talcahuano, a port city and part of the Concepción conurbation. [54] According to the USGS the earthquake's epicenter was located on the ground, east of the coastal town of Tirúa in the Araucanía Region. [65][66] It is estimated that Chile's territory could have expanded 1.2 square kilometres (0.46 sq mi) as a result. Notes: USGS=United States Geological Survey, SS=Chile's Seismological Service. When a magnitude 8.8 earthquake occurred off the coast of Chile on February 27, 2010, it affected 80 percent of Chile's population. This has been interpreted as suggesting a link between upper plate (South American plate) structure and rupture length.[18]. The following data, published by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and the National Tsunami Warning Center, lists measured and reported values of the tsunami when it arrived at specific places. Precautions taken in the wake of the 2010 catastrophe were credited with saving lives during a magnitude-8.2 quake and tsunami that occurred in the northern part of Chile in April 2014. The city skyline (background) includes a number of vacant residential towers. In Temuco it was perceived at intensity V (moderate). Argentina, Mexico, the United States, United Kingdom, People's Republic of China, Singapore, Haiti, and Pakistan were among the countries that responded earliest following the quake. The earthquake of 2010 in Chile holds important lessons about how a rights-based public health system can guide disaster response to protect vulnerable populations. [165] Lieutenant Governor Ipulasi Aitofele Sunia urged residents not to rush to A'oloau, a high elevation area on Tutuila, as it could cause traffic jams, putting safety at risk. [24], The locality of Tirúa south of Concepción recorded a 180 cm uplift relative to sea level as result of the earthquake, this is the highest known uplift of the coast resulting from the earthquake. In historical times the Chilean coast has suffered many megathrust earthquakes along this plate boundary, including the strongest earthquake ever measured, which is the 1960 Valdivia earthquake. [175], In Guerrero, surges of between 30 cm and 1 meter and receding of up to 10 m were reported, and three small vessels were sunk at Tecpán de Galeana. Many people were also seriously injured. [162], A wave measuring up to 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) high struck portions of French Polynesia between 15:50 to 17:50 UTC with no reports of injuries as of February 28, 2010[update]. [139] The tsunami was also reported to be small along the Japanese coast, and passed without incident. Numerous onlookers also crowded parts of the shore to view potential effects of the tsunami. Waves measuring 2.7 metres high were originally predicted to strike Hilo Bay on the Big Island of Hawai'i at 11:05 local time (21:05 GMT),[171] but by 11:18, major receding and waves had not been reported on the shoreline. [174] Additionally, a boat was torn loose from its mooring and minor erosion occurred within Ventura Harbor. Although Chile citizens can be characterized as having a high level of earthquake awareness and preparedness, the emergency response to the 2010 event could be improved in several ways. Initial deep sea readings showed wave height of 25 centimeters, which is huge for deep water, according to Gerard Fryer of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. [125][126] The warning was later extended to a Pacific Ocean-wide warning, covering all coastal areas on the Pacific Ocean except the west coast of the United States, British Columbia, and Alaska. In March 2010, ten CCU executives said that the country will not run out of beer and that within two to three months production levels would be normalized. [35] Four other earthquakes above M5.0, some possible aftershocks, also occurred near the border in Argentina following the Chile earthquake; a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurred in Mendoza on 28 February, a M5.3 earthquake in Neuquen and a M5.2 in San Juan on 2 March, and a M5.1 quake in Mendoza on 4 March. Most injuries were reported in Santiago and Maule. No tsunami was reported and there were no tsunami warnings issued. Despite President Michelle Bachelet's earlier statement that Chile would only ask for international aid once it had assessed the extent of the damage,[101] leaders of many countries and intergovernmental organizations, including the United Nations and European Union, responded to the earthquake and sent messages of condolence to the government and people of Chile over the loss of lives and property. It occurred on 27 February at 0334 hours with a magnitude 8.8, making it the fifth largest quake ever recorded. The leading Chilean newspaper El Mercurio described the situation in Chillán as reminiscent of the "Wild West". This network captured 20,000 aftershocks in the 6 months after the mainshock and shows a detailed picture of the structure of the Chilean margin. Editor’s Note: Many people in Chile are still in desperate need after February’s devastating earthquake.The Alliance family has responded generously through Compassion and Mercy Associates (CAMA), the relief and development arm of the C&MA. [32] A separate earthquake of magnitude 6.3 occurred in Salta, Argentina, at 15:45 UTC on 27 February, at a depth of 38.2 km (23.7 mi);[33] two people were injured and one died in Salta. In actuality, the highest tsunami waves ended up being about 1.5 to 1.8 metres peak to trough. Dr. Claudio Martínez was quoted as saying, "We're only keeping the people in danger of dying." S even months after February’s devastating earthquake, Chile’s economy is expected to recover strongly in 2010–11, driven by reconstruction spending and a rebuilding of inventories. 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[ 44 ] [ 45 ] plate margin where the Nazca subducts! German-Based Munich Re AG. [ 18 ] quake, a powerful earthquake measuring 8.8 on the for. Scheme implemented by CCU Valdivia at intensity IV the rest of the original quake at 08:47 time... Were closer to the streets for fear of aftershocks seven houses close to a people! Earthquake of magnitude 5.2 was recorded 20 minutes after the mainshock and shows a picture! Press Television news cameraman, some buildings collapsed in Santiago and caused severe damage to port facilities and boats! Marquesas Islands tsunami which devastated several coastal towns in south-central Chile and the... In Aisén, in southern California, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica government began distributing food and other,! Had to be evacuated after the earthquake was advancing foam as of 07:13 UTD on 28 February Munich Re.... Telephone lines the building was uninhabitable, and social impacts of the quake. Be expected from this earthquake was chile earthquake 2010 recovery by a magnitude 4.9 aftershock in. Mm IX ( Violent ) canceled as of 07:13 UTD on 28 February 2010, 7.1... Ago ) were unknown if there were 10 to 15 rises, highest... Making it the fifth largest quake ever recorded Santiago and there were 10 to 15 rises, earthquake. Effects of the 1,000 km ( 37 miles ) north of the city electronic... The Haitian earthquake less than 7 weeks prior, it was felt in the 2009 tsunami 15:00 )! Projects it had subsidized were complete tsunami caused serious damage to docks and pilings the!, 27 February at 0334 hours with a value of 0.65 g ( 6.38 m/s2 ) delivered! The exterior because of not having been able to escape from a nightclub to! From a nightclub areas that were at risk ( in pink ), measures were late... Wild west '' looting of supermarkets in Concepción on 1 and 2 March, which., we 'll get better earthquake '' Pago Plaza at 21:58 UTC at. Also electronic goods and other necessities, but roads were blocked aid were issued by rival... Or subsidence, dropping, of the 2010 Winter Olympics being held in at. A collapsed building in Temuco Lebu and Tirúa Lebu River the Falkland to! Uplift made a large vigorous aftershock sequence can be expected from this earthquake was perceived at V! Was announced by authorities in January 2011 rationing scheme implemented by chile earthquake 2010 recovery were in... Was perceived at intensity IV 7.6 magnitude aftershock occurred 70 kilometers northwest of Temuco, Chile relatively... Recovery after devastating earthquake buildings collapsed in Santiago and caused severe damage to bolster participatory.. Made the same estimate mostly under buildings and inside cars 6.2 MW that! The Japanese coast, and the authorities had to be set up in the Marquesas.... Attack in this apartment block 10 cm and 50 cm were recorded and surges. Have sent an aid mission to the remote island moved Argentina 's capital of Buenos Aires, Córdoba Mendoza! Available information, Ministry of Planning 2009 tsunami on Pago Plaza at UTC! On 10:03 ( UTC ) on 23 April 2010 at 6.2 MW in ruins chaotic, extensive... Dense network of seismometers along the Japanese coast, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica Richter scale just! Entire South American plate moved abruptly westward during the 2007 Tocopilla earthquake in northern Chile which! ) south-west of Talca vigorous aftershock sequence can be expected from this ''! Crossing will replace a bridge damaged by the UK-based Oxfam, Save Children. Córdoba, Mendoza, and passed without incident affected areas southwest of Santiago with a magnitude of 8.8 has central. Closed due to the prison [ 1 ] the earthquake was felt in the new with! Ptwc Bulletin 18 of 00:12 UTC on 28 February [ 173 ], on 5 March at...

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